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Clearview AI, the facial recognition company thatâs scraped the web for three billion faceprints and sold them all (or given them away) to 600 police departments so they could identify people within seconds, has received yet more cease-and-desist letters from social media giants.
The first came from Twitter. A few weeks ago, Twitter told Clearview to stop collecting its data and to delete whatever itâs got.
Facebook has also demanded that Clearview stop scraping photos because the action violates its policies, and now Google and YouTube are likewise telling the audacious startup to stop violating their policies against data scraping.
Clearviewâs take on all this? Defiance. Itâs got a legal right to data scraping, it says.
In an interview on Wednesday with CBS This Morning, Clearview AI founder and CEO Hoan Ton-That told listeners to trust him. The technology is only to be used by law enforcement, and only to identify potential criminals, he said.
The artificial intelligence (AI) program can identify someone by matching photos of unknown people to their online photos and the sites where they were posted. Ton-That claims that the results are 99.6% accurate.
Besides, he said, itâs his right to collect public photos to feed his facial recognition app:
There is also a First Amendment right to public information. So the way we have built our system is to only take publicly available information and index it that way.
Not everybody agrees. Some people think that their facial images shouldnât be gobbled up without their consent. In fact, the nationâs strictest biometrics privacy law â the Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) â says doing so is illegal. Clearview is already facing a potential class action lawsuit, filed last month, for allegedly violating that law.
YouTubeâs statement:
YouTubeâs Terms of Service explicitly forbid collecting data that can be used to identify a person. Clearview has publicly admitted to doing exactly that, and in response we sent them a cease and desist letter.
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As for Facebook, the company said on Tuesday that itâs demanded that Clearview stop scraping photos because the action violates its policies. Clearviewâs response to Facebookâs review of its practices might trigger the social media behemoth to take action, Facebook said. Its statement:
We have serious concerns with Clearviewâs practices, which is why weâve requested information as part of our ongoing review. How they respond will determine the next steps we take.
Clearview: Itâs just like Google Search â for faces
Besides claiming First-Amendment protection for access to publicly available data, Ton-That also defended Clearview as being a Google-like search engine:
Google can pull in information from all different websites. If itâs public This is Headline News Powered By Dotifi Digital Get Online with a Domain & Free Website ! and it can be inside Googleâs search engine, it can be in ours as well.
Um, no, Google said, your app isnât like our search engine at all. Thereâs a big difference between what we do and the way youâre shanghaiing everybodyâs face images without their consent. Its statement:
Most websites want to be included in Google Search, and we give webmasters control over what information from their site is included in our search results, including the option to opt-out entirely. Clearview secretly collected image data of individuals without their consent, and in violation of rules explicitly forbidding them from doing so.
When is public information not public?
Clearview isnât the first company to make money off of scraping sites. Itâs not the first to wind up in court over it, either.
Back in 2016, hiQ, a San Francisco startup, was marketing two products, both of which depend on whatever data LinkedInâs 500 million members have made public: Keeper, which identifies employees who might be ripe for being recruited away, and Skills Mapper, which summarizes an employeeâs skills.
It, too, was going after public information, grabbing the kind of stuff you or I could get on LinkedIn without having to log in. All you need is a browser and a search engine to find the data hiQ sucks up, digests, analyzes and sells to companies who want a heads-up when their pivotal employees might have one foot out the door or that are trying to figure out how their workforce needs to be bolstered or trained.
When is public information not public? When the social media firms that collect it insist that itâs not public.
LinkedIn sent a cease-and-desist letter to hiQ, alleging that it was violating serious anti-hacking and anti-copyright violation laws: the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), and California Penal Code § 502(c). LinkedIn (which had been exploring how to do the same thing that hiQ had achieved) also noted that it had used technology to block hiQ from accessing its data.
A done deal? Not in the eyes of the courts. In September 2019, an appeals court told LinkedIn to back off: no more interfering with hiQâs profiting from its usersâ publicly available data. The court protected data scraping of public data: what sounds like a major legal precedent but which is a lot muddier than that. From the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF):
While this decision represents an important step to putting limits on using the CFAA to intimidate researchers with the legalese of cease and desist letters, the Ninth Circuit sadly left the door open to other claims, such as trespass to chattels or even copyright infringement, that might allow actors like LinkedIn to limit competition with its products.
And even with this ruling, the CFAA is subject to multiple conflicting interpretations across the federal circuits, making it likely that the Supreme Court will eventually be forced to resolve the meaning of key terms like âwithout authorization.â
Those cases of data scraping pitted the lovers of an open internet against the companies trying to control (and make money from) their own data. During the fight with hiQ, LinkedIn was accused of chilling access to information online. Some said that LinkedInâs position would impact journalists, researchers, and watchdog organizations who rely on automated tools â including scrapers â to support their work, much of which is protected First Amendment activity.
Muddy as it was, the EFF hailed the September verdict as a win for the right to scrape public data.
But while groups such as the EFF were all for data scraping to get at publicly available data in the case of hiQ, theyâre not on Clearviewâs side. On Thursday, the EFF said that when it comes to biometrics, companies should be getting informed opt-in consent to collect our faceprints:
We need to require private companies that collect, use, retain, or share information about usâincluding our face pr⌠twitter.com/i/web/status/1âŚ
â
(@EFF) February 06, 2020
In fact, Clearview is the latest example of why we need laws that ban, or at least pause, law enforcementâs secretive use of facial recognition, according to the EFFâs surveillance litigation director, Jennifer Lynch. She cited numerous cases of what she called law enforcementâs â and Clearviewâs own â abuse of facial recognition, stating:
Police abuse of facial recognition technology is not theoretical: itâs happening today. Law enforcement has already used âliveâ face recognition on public streets and at political protests.
Clearview Facts
Public information only.
Clearview searches the open web. Clearview does not and cannot search any private or protected info, including in your private social media accounts.
Search, not surveillance.
Clearview is an after-the-fact research tool. Clearview is not a surveillance system and is not built like one. For example, analysts upload images from crime scenes and compare them to publicly available images.
Stopping criminals.
Clearview helps to identify child molesters, murderers, suspected terrorists, and other dangerous people quickly, accurately, and reliably to keep our families and communities safe.
Independently verified for accuracy.
An independent panel of experts reviewed and certified Clearview for accuracy and reliability.
Full compliance with the law.
Just like other research systems, Clearview results legally require follow-up investigation and confirmation. Clearview was designed and independently verified to comply with all federal, state, and local laws.
Protecting the innocent.
Clearview helps to exonerate the innocent, identify victims of child sexual abuse and other crimes, and avoid eyewitness lineups that are prone to human error.
